Recommended Plants

The list of plants that grow in the Southwest and can serve as host or nectar plants can be overwhelming. Selecting plants for your garden is made even more difficult by the dizzying array of plants sold at box stores.

If you’re serious about supporting pollinators, you can whittle down the list by removing plants that have been hybridized for color, plants that take a lot of water to make it through the summer heat, and plants that have been treated with pesticides to increase their beauty and shelf life.

Regarding pesticides, ask a store attendant if they can definitively say that their plants are pesticide free. Unless, of course, the label on the plant explicitly states that no pesticides were used. Neonicotinoid pesticides are especially harmful, and can stay in the plant for a season or more. As an aside, this also means that you shouldn’t use pesticides in your pollinator garden either – here is a list of common pesticides. For more information on the effects of pesticide use, see About Pesticides.

To make your job easier, the tables below contain a select set of plants that are recommended for low desert gardens by the Maricopa Pollinator Pathway project and Arizona native plant nurseries.

For Albuquerque residents, check out the following plants links:

• Official Plant List of the ABQ Backyard Refuge Program
• ABQ Backyard Educational Materials

I’m starting off with Host plants, since these are the backbone of a pollinator garden, and some double as nectar plants as a bonus! Add annual and perennial nectar plants to fill out the garden space and keep all of the pollinators fed.

You can search for plant names here:

Native, Nativar, Cultivar

“Most cultivars, including nativars, are propagated by cloning, so that each plant has the same genetic makeup as the parent plant, and so on. A cloned cultivar has a set genetic package. Sometimes these clones go on to participate in the natural reproductive cycle by cross-pollinating with other true natives, sometimes they do not.”

Smart Plant Tags

Each laser engraved smart tag showcases the plant’s pollinator-attracting properties, ensuring you make informed choices when designing your garden.

From native flowering plants to nectar-rich blooms, every plant tag becomes a symbol of support for our precious pollinators.

With a simple scan using your smartphone, you’ll unlock a whole new level of information and convenience.

For sale in our Store!

Look for these icons:

• Great Nectar Plant
• Great Bird Habitat
• Great for Native Bees
• Super Host
• Keystone Species
• PW Recommended
  (these plants are usually easy to purchase and scale nicely in a backyard garden)

Host Trees
	Ash, Fraxinus velutina Size: 40′ tall and wide Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Deciduous, Susceptible to Ash decline Host for: Two tailed swallowtail, Calleta silkmoth, Great ash sphinx moth, Sonoran sphinx moth, Geometrid moth Calleta silkmoth, Great ash sphinx moth, Sonoran sphinx moth, Geometrid moth
	Catclaw Acacia, Senegalia greggii Size: 12′ – 20′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Note: Thorny, flowers are fragrant, elevations below 4500′ Host for: Mexican yellow, Mimosa yellow, Reakirt’s blue, Marine blue, several species of moth
	Citrus, Citrus sp. Size: Varies Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status:  Notes: Host for: Giant Swallowtail
	Desert Willow, Chilopsis linearis Size: 15′ – 40′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Deciduous Host for: Rustic sphinx moth, Geometrid moths Plant Tag: YES
	False Indigo, Amorpha fruticosa Size: 12′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Shrub or Tree, photo by Max Licher Host for: Silver spotted skipper, Southern dogface, Gray hairstreak, Marine blue, Tortrix leaf roller moth, Pyralid moth
	Ironwood, Olneya tesota Size: 30′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Native bees are the primary pollinator Host for: Rawson’s metalmark
	Mexican Elderberry, Sambucus mexicana Size: 9′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Shrub or Tree Host for: Owlet moth, Melipotin moth, Spring Azure
	Native Desert Willow, Chilopsis linearis arcuata Size: 15′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Not as easy to find as other species of Desert Willow Host for: Rustic Sphinx, Wavy-lined Emerald, Geometrid moths
	Oaks, Quercus spp Size:  Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Arizona White Oak, Canyon Live Oak, Belota, Gambel’s Oak, Gray Oak, Silverleaf Oak, Chinquapin Oak, Mexican Blue Oak, Dunn’s Oak, Sandpaper Oak, Netleaf Oak, Tourmey Oak, Scrub Oak Host for: 208 caterpillar species
	Palo Verde, Parkinsonia spp
	Pines, Pinus spp Size:  Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Arizona Pine, Border Pinon, Pinon Pine, Chihuahua Pine, Ponderosa Pine, Southwestern White Pine Host for: 156 caterpillar species
	Sonoran Kidneywood, Eysenhardtia orthocarpa Size: 20′ tall x 10′ wide Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Shrub or Tree, Fragrant flowers Host for: Arizona hairstreak, Marine blue, Ceraunus blue, Gray hairstreak
	Thornbush Wolfberry, Lycium exsertum Size: 12′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Full to part sun, Leaves come and go with cold, beginning of summer, or drought Host for: Mexican Agapema Silkmoth, Sphinx moths, Prominent moths, Crambid Snout moths
	Velvet Mesquite, Prosopis velutina Size: 25′ – 50′ tall Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Deciduous Host for: Marine blue, Reakirt’s blue, Ceraunus blue, Palmer’s metalmark, Leda ministreak, Hubbard’s small silkmoth, Tricolor buckmoth, Juno buckmoth, Owlet moths, Geometrid moth, Bagworm moths, Mesquite clearwing moth Plant Tag: YES
	Willows, Salix spp Size: 8′ – 60′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Peachleaf Willow, Arroyo Willow, Arizona Willow, Goodding’s Willow, Yew-leaf Willow – characteristics vary by species. Can be allergenic Host for: 176 caterpillar species
	Name Size:  Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status:  Notes:  Host for:

Host Shrubs	Includes Sub-shrubs and Perennials
	Arizona Milkweed, Asclepias angustifolia Size: 2′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Protect from afternoon sun in low desert Host for: Monarch, Queen Plant Tag: YES
	Willow Ragwort, Barkleyanthus salicifolius Size: 4′ – 8′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Host for: American Lady
	Arizona Foldwing, Dicliptera resupinata Size: 2′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native   Notes: Host for: Texas Crescent
	Arizona Rosemallow, Hibiscus biseptus Size: 3′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes:  Host for: Cloudless Sulphur, Yellow scallop moth, Geometrid moth
	Arizona Rosewood, Vauquelinia californica Size: 15′ high x 10′ wide Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Slow growing, multi-trunked Host for: Two-Tailed Swallowtail
	Arizona Wrightwort, Carlowrightia arizonica Size: 3′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Spiny, often leafless Host for: Texas Crescent
	Butterfly Weed, Asclepias tuberosa Size: 2′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status:  Notes: No milky sap, not the same as tropical milkweed Host for: Monarch, Queen
	Texas Sage, Barometer Bushes, Leucophyllums Size: 3′ – 8′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native and hybrids Notes: Bloom around periods of rain (sporadic blooming), L. frutescens is native Host for: Calleta Silkmoth, Theona Checkerspot
	Beebrush, Aloysia wrightii Size: 3′ – 6′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes:  Host for: Rustic sphinx moth
	Bladderpod, Heressantia crispa Size: 2′ tall Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status:  Notes: Trailing perennial subshrub Host for: Arizona Powdered Skipper, Texas Powdered Skipper,  Erichson’s White Skipper, Northern White Skipper
	Chuparosa, Justicia californica Size: 4′ tall x 6′ wide Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Hummingbirds love the flowers, reseeds readily Host for: Tiny checkerspot, Texas crescent, Pearl crescent
	Colorado Four O’clock, Mirabilis multiflora Size: 3′ high x 3′ wide Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Fast growing, can be used as ground cover Host for: White-Lined Sphinx
	Cowpen Daisy, Verbesina encelioides Size: 2′ – 3′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Nectar for 46 bee species Host for: 11 caterpillar species
	Creosote, Larrea tridentata Size: 6′ high x 8′ wide Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Irrigated plants are more lush and grow faster Host for: Geometrid moths (family Geometridae), Bagworm moths (family Psychidae)
	Curlycup Gumweed, Grindelia squarrosa Size:  Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Nectar for 37 bee species Host for: 15 caterpillar species
	Dalea species Size: Varies widely Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Arizona has 32 species, Dalea pulchra pictured Host for: Reakirt’s Blue, Southern dogface, Gray Hairstreak
	Desert Broom, Baccharis sarothroides Size: 12′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Get Male plants to prevent reseeding, excellent nectar plant Host for: Flower moth, Owlet moth, Desert Broom Gall moth
	Desert Ceanothus, Ceanothus greggii Size: 3′ – 6′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes:  Host for: Nais Metalmark, Arizona Hairstreak, , Pacuvius Duskywing, Southwestern Azure (Celastrina echo cinerea) California Tortoiseshell, geometrid moths, Owlet moth, Cecrops eyed silkmoth, Prominent moth
	Desert Cotton, Gossypium thurberi Size: 6′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes:  Host for: Gray Hairstreak, Painted Lady
	Desert Hackberry, Celtis pallida Size: 6′ – 12′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Thorny, inconspicuous flowers, provides shelter for bees, birds and butterflies Host for: Empress Leilia, Mourning Cloak, Hackberry Emperor,  American Snout, Randa’s Eyed Silkmoth, Tawny Emperor
	Desert Honeysuckle, Anisacanthus thurberi Size: 6′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes:  Host for: Elada Checkerspot, Arizona checkerspot
	Desert Marigold, Baileya multiradiata Size: 1′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Reseeds easily, Nectar for 40 bee species Host for: Dainty Sulphur Plant Tag: YES
	Desert Milkweed, Rush Milkweed, Asclepias subulata Size: 4′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Tap root Host for: Monarch, Queen Plant Tag: YES
	Desert Rosemallow, Hibiscus coulteri Size: 3′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes:  Host for: Cloudless Sulphur, Yellow scallop moth, Geometrid moth
	Desert Senna, Senna covesii Size: 20 inches Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes:  Host for: Sleepy orange,  Cloudless Sulphur
	Eastern Mojave Buckwheat, Eriogonum fasciculatum var. polifolium Size: 18 inches tall x 2′ wide Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes:  Host for: Bernardino Dotted-Blue, Lupine Blue, Mormon Metalmark,  Behr’s Metalmark, Nut-Brown Hairstreak, Ceraunus Blue, Rita Dotted Blue, Acmon Blue, Brown Elf
	Evening Primrose, Oenothera spp Size: 6 inches – 1′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status:  Notes: Good nectar plant for bees too Host for: White-lined Sphinx moth
	False Tansy Aster, Dieteria asteroides Size: 3′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes:  Host for: Hooded Owlet moths, Flower moths
	Four Wing Saltbush, Atriplex canescens Size: 3′ – 8′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Inconspicuous flowers Host for: Western Pygmy Blue, Mohave Sooty Wing, Saltbush Sooty Wing, Geometric Moth
	Globemallows, Sphaeralcea spp Size: 3′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: 17 species in AZ  Host for: West Coast Lady, Painted Lady, Common Checkered Skipper, Small Checkered Skipper, Great White Skipper
	Graythorn, Ziziphus obtusifolia Size: 8′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Inconspicuous flowers, spines, Tree or Shrub Host for: Pyrrha’s Prominent Moth
	Gregg’s Mistflower, Conoclinium greggii Size: 18 inches Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status:  Notes: May freeze to ground in winter, but hardy to 0 degrees, butterfly magnet Host for: Rawson’s Metalmark
	Heart Leaved Hibiscus, Hibiscus cardiophyllus Size: 1′ – 3′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Part shade best, grows in gravelly or caliche soils Host for: Cloudless Sulphur, Mallow Scrub Hairstreak, Gray Hairstreak
	New Mexico Thistle, Cirsium neomexicanum Size: 6′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: spines Host for: Nais Metalmark, Arizona Hairstreak, Southwestern Azure, Pacuvius Duskywing, California Tortoiseshell
	Odora, Porophyllum gracile Size: 18 inches – 2′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes:  Host for: Dainty Sulphur, Owlette Moth
	Paleface Hibiscus, Hibiscus denudatus Size: 18 inches – 2′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Part shade Host for: Cloudless Sulphur, Yellow Scallop Moth, Geometrid Moth
	Parish’s Goldeneye, Bahiopsis parishii Size: 4′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes:  Host for: California Patch, Bordered Patch
	Perennial Rockcress/Mustard, Boechera perennans Size: 20″ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes:  Host for: Spring White, Cabbage White, Desert Marble, Pearly Marble, Sara Orange Tip, Checkered White
	Pineleaf Milkweed, Asclepias linearis Size: 18 inches – 3′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes:  Host for: Monarch, Queen
	Pink Fairy Duster, Calliandra eriophylla Size: 3′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes:  Host for: Ceraunus Blue, Marine Blue, Melipotis moths
	Prairie Acacia, Acaciella angustissima Size: 3′ – 4′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: No spines, colonizes by woody rhizomes Host for: Several sulfurs, skippers, and blues and the Raspa Silkmoth
	Rabbitbrush, Chrysothamnus depressus, Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus Size:  Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: (nectar plants) 39 bee species rely on these plants Host for:
	Rubber Rabbitbrush, Ericameria nauseosa, Parry’s Rabbitbrush, Ericameria parryi Size:  Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: 29 bee species rely on these plants Host for: 17 caterpillar species
	Rue of the Mountains, Thamnosma texana Size: 1′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes:  Host for: Black swallowtail
	Sacred Datura, Datura wrightii Size: 3′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Extracts from this plant and its relatives are narcotic and, if ingested, potentially lethal. Host for: Pink Spotted Hawkmoth, Rustic Sphinx Moth, Five Spotted Hawkmoth
	San Felipe Dogweed, Adenophyllum porophylloides Size: 8 inches – 20 inches Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes:  Host for: Dainty Sulphur
	Seep Willow, Baccharis salicifolia Size: 6′ – 10′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Not a willow, but a member of the aster family Host for: Fatal Metalmark, Elada Checkerspot, Tiger Moth
	Shrubby Deervetch, Lotus rigidus Size: 1′ – 2′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes:  Host for: Acmon blue, Funereal duskywing
	Shrubby Indian Mallow, Abutilon abutiloides Size: 2′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes:  Host for: Arizona Powdered Skipper, Northern White Skipper, Common Streaky Skipper, Common Checkered Skipper, Bird Dropping moth, Owlet moth, Crambid Seed moth
	Spreading Fleabane, Erigeron divergens Size: 18 inches – 2′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Part shade, more of an herb Host for: Hooded Owlet moth, Flower moth
	Sticky Snakeweed, Gutierrezia microcephaly, Broom Snakeweed, Gutierrezia sarothrae Size: 1′ – 4′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Nectar for 46 bee species Host for: 15 caterpillar species
	Sunflowers – Western Sunflower, Helianthus anomalous, Nuttall’s Sunflower, Helianthus nuttanallii Size:  Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Nectar for 56 bee species Host for: 58 caterpillar species
	Superstition Mallow, Abutilon palmeri Size: 5′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes:  Host for: Arizona Powdered Skipper, Northern White Skipper, Common Streaky Skipper, Common Checkered Skipper, several species of moth
	Sweetbush, Bebbia juncea Size: 4′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Short lived Host for: Tiger moth, Tortrix moth
	Tahoka Daisy, Machaeranthera tanacetifolia Size:  Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Nectar for 32 bee species Host for: 7 caterpillar species
	Triangle Leaf Bursage, Ambrosia deltoidea Size: 2′ -3′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Pioneer plant for xeric soils, nurse plant for Saguaro, Allergenic Host for: Bird Dropping Moth (Ponometia erastrioides) and some Geometer moths
	Verbenas, Verbena spp Size:  Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes:  Host for: Fine-lined Sallow moth, Verbena moth
	Western Goldenrod, Solidago lipids, Missouri Goldenrod, Solidago missouiensis Size:  Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Nectar for 25 bee species Host for: 48 caterpillar species
	White Sahttps://pollinatorweb.com/white-sagebrush/gebrush, Western Mugwort, Artemisia ludoviciana Size: 18 inches – 3′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes:  Host for: Painted Lady
	White Stemmed Milkweed, Asclepias albicans Size: 6′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes:  Host for: Queen, Monarch
	Willow Ragwort, Barkleyanthus salicifolius Size: 4′ – 8′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Host for: American Lady
	Wild Petunia, Ruellia nudiflora Size: 1′ – 2′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Herb growth habit Host for: Common Buckeye, Tropical Buckeye
	Willows, Salix spp Size:  Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes: Peachleaf Willow, Arroyo Willow Host for: 176 caterpillar species
	Wolfberry, Lycium sp. Size: 9′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status:  Notes: 10 species in AZ, spiny, nectar rich flowers, sprawling shrub Host for: Mexican Agapema Silkmoth, Sphinx moth, Prominent moth, Crambid moth
	Wright’s Buckwheat, Eriogonum wrightii Size: 2′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status: Native Notes:  Host for: Lupine Blue, Ceraunus Blue, Rita Dotted Blue, Acmon Blue, Brown Elfin, Mormon Metalmark
	Yarrow, Achillea millefolia Size: 1′ – 3′ Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status:  Notes: Moderately high water Host for: Painted Lady
	Name Size:  Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status:  Notes:  Host for:

Host Vines
	Clematis, Clematis spp Size:  Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status:  Notes:  Host for: Fatal Metalmark
	Hartweg’s Twinevine, Funastrum cynanchoides ssp. heterophyllum Size:  Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status:  Notes:  Host for: Monarch, Queen
	Old Man’s Beard, Clematis drumondii Size:  Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status:  Notes:  Host for: Fatal Metalmark
	Passionvine, Passiflora spp Size:  Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status:  Notes:  Host for: Gulf Fritillary, Variegated Fritillary
	Slender Janusia, Janusia gracilis Size:  Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status:  Notes:  Host for: Funereal Duskywing, White Patched Skipper, Brown Banded Skipper
	Snapdragon Vine, Maurandella antirrhiniflora Size:  Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status:  Notes:  Host for: Common Buckeye
	Southwestern Pipevine, Aristolochia watsonii Size:  Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status:  Notes:  Host for: Pipevine Swallowtail

Host Grasses
	Cane Bluestem (Cane Beardgrass), Bothriochloa barbinodis Size:  Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status:  Notes:  Host for: Slaty Roadside Skipper
	Grama Grasses, Bouteloua spp Size:  Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status:  Notes:  Host for: Skippers
	Muhlenbergia spp Size:  Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status:  Notes:  Host for: Skippers
	Purple Threeawn, Aristida purpurea Size:  Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status:  Notes:  Host for: Skippers and Satyrs butterflies
	Side Oats Grama, Bouteloua curtipendula Size:  Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status:  Notes:  Host for: Several species of skippers , Hualapai Buckmoth, Viened Ctenucha moth
	Sprangletop Size:  Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status:  Notes:  Host for: Skippers
	Size:  Flowering Season: J F M A M J J A S O N D Status:  Notes:  Host for:

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References:

Maricopa Native Seed Library: Maricopa Pollinator Pathway

Pollinator Partnership. Selecting plants for pollinators. Regional guide, American semidesert and desert province. Retrieved from https://www.pollinator.org/guides 

Southwest Desert flora. 2020. Retrieved from http://southwestdesertflora.com/

Southwest Monarch Study. Low desert Monarch waystations and butterfly gardens. Retrieved from https://www.swmonarchs.org/waystations.php

Spadefoot Nursery, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.spadefootnursery.com/ 

Xerces Society, Monarch Butterfly Nectar Plants Lists for Conservation Plantings. Retrieved from https://xerces.org/publications/plant-lists/monarch-butterfly-nectar-plant-lists-for-conservation-plantings 

Desert Survivors Butterfly Larval Host Plants

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