Fennel

Ferula vulgare

Ferula vulgare is a great addition to an Arizona pollinator garden, not only for its ornamental value but also for its ability to support local ecosystems. This plant is a host for the caterpillars of the black swallowtail butterfly, which feed on its foliage, making it a valuable larval host plant. In addition, Ferula vulgare produces small, yellow flowers that are attractive to a variety of native bees.

Native bees play a crucial role in pollination and ecosystem health, making it important to provide them with suitable habitat and food sources. By planting Ferula vulgare, gardeners can support both the black swallowtail butterfly and native bee populations while adding height and structure to their pollinator garden.

Flowers: June to August
Status: Non-native
Origin: Europe and Asia
Family: Apiaceae
Size: 3′ tall
Sun: Full sun to part shade
Watering: Moderate
Growth Rate: Fast
Soil: Well-draining soils with a neutral pH level
Temperature: Heat-tolerant, can withstand high temperatures but may die back in extreme cold
Pruning:
Disease and Pests:
Uses: Larval host for the Black Swallowtail. Attracts bees, butterflies, and other pollinators to the garden.
Notes: Florence Fennel and its varieties produce bulbs. Wild Fennel grows in California and has naturalized in parts of Arizona; although it has the same flavor it doesn’t have thickened stems.

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