Prices are coming down for generators and solar panels and the days are heating up – wouldn’t it be nice to have some backup power for peace of mind and perhaps shave something off the monthly electric bills?

As renewable energy becomes more accessible, portable solar generators are gaining popularity for their ability to provide clean, quiet, and reliable power in various situations—from RV power, camping trips, home installations to emergency preparedness. However, choosing the right portable solar generator can be a complex task given the variety of options available on the market. 

Let’s start by looking at the building blocks of Advanced and Standard solar generators. You will probably see quite a few acronyms or terms that are unfamiliar – these will be explained going forward.

Solar Generator Building Blocks

Advanced generators consist of three major components:

Batteries: LiFePO4, Lithium Ion or Lead Acid

Hybrid Inverter: Central control unit that includes MPPT, battery charging/discharging control, UPS*, pass-through characteristics*, grid interactions and power conditioning

Solar Panels: Monocrystalline, polycrystalline, thin film or foldable panels

*UPS and pass through characteristics can be critical to meet your home-based installation goals, but the information can be hard to find.

Some systems use separate components instead of a hybrid inverter:

Charge Controller: Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) or Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)

Inverter: Pure Sine Wave, Modified Sine Wave, Square Wave

Battery Monitor: Tracks and displays State of Charge, Voltage, Current, Power Consumption, Remaining battery capacity, Time remaining estimate, Temperature, Alerts and Notifications

I’ll be providing detailed information on some available portable solar generators a bit later, after explaining features and terminology.

Pictured here is the Pecron E3600FLP with expansion battery.

Features and Considerations

Batteries

The battery is the heart of any solar generator. It stores the energy collected from solar panels and delivers it when needed. The type of battery in a solar generator significantly impacts its performance, lifespan, and cost. Here’s a look at the most common types of batteries used in portable solar generators:

Lead-Acid Batteries

Lead-acid batteries have been around for over a century and are widely used in automotive and off-grid applications. They are generally cheaper than other battery types.

They also cost less than Lithium Ion or LiFePO4 batteries, and are a widely available and proven technology.

However, they are heavy and bulky, have a shorter lifespan and lower energy density than Lithium batteries, and require regular maintenance.

These batteries are therefore best for applications with sensitive budgets and don’t need to prioritize weight and portability.

Lithium-Ion Batteries

Lithium-ion batteries are the most popular choice for portable solar generators due to their superior energy density and lighter weight.

Because they are relatively light weight and compact, they are ideal for portable setups. They are low maintenance, with high energy density and fast charging times. Lifespan is about 2000 charge cycles.

But they have higher upfront costs, are sensitive to extreme temperatures and can catch on fire if abused (mechanically or via thermal runaway).

These batteries are best for applications that require lighter weight, high energy density and portability. Most solar generator manufacturers have migrated their products to LiFePO4.

Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) Batteries

A subtype of lithium-ion batteries, LiFePO4 batteries offer enhanced safety and longevity.

They have an extremely long lifespan that often supports 10 years of cycling (3000 – 5000 cycles), are more stable and less prone to overheating and thermal runaway than Lithium Ion batteries, and use less toxic materials.

They are a bit higher in cost and have slightly less energy density (making them heavier for an equivalent capacity) than Lithium Ion, though.

These batteries are best for applications that prioritize safety and long term performance.

Battery Capacity and Run Time Estimates

Ensure the generator can handle the power demands of your devices. Calculate the total wattage required and choose a generator with a higher capacity to accommodate peak loads. Here are some examples (power consumption numbers are rough estimates):

Run Time Formula

Run Time (hours) = Battery Capacity (Wh) / Power Consumption (W)

Example: For a 50-watt load and a 2 KWH battery, the run time is:

2000 Wh / 50 W = 40 hours

Considerations

• *Efficiency: The efficiency of the inverter and the battery can reduce the actual run time. Assume an efficiency of around 85-90% for a more accurate estimate.
• Load Variation: Some devices, like refrigerators and air conditioners, cycle on and off, so the average power consumption is less than the peak value.
• Continuous vs. Peak Loads: High-power devices like microwaves and hair dryers will deplete the battery much faster than low-power devices like LED lights or routers.

Summary

A 2 kWh battery can run various loads for different durations, depending on the power consumption of each device. For low-power devices like LED lights, a 2 kWh battery can last for days, while high-power appliances like air conditioners or microwaves will deplete the battery within a few hours. Understanding the power consumption of your devices is crucial for optimizing the use of a portable solar generator, ensuring that you can meet your energy needs effectively.

Power Passthrough Capabilities

Power passthrough refers to a solar generator’s ability to charge its internal battery while simultaneously powering devices. This feature is crucial in situations where uninterrupted power is necessary, such as during a power outage or on a long camping trip, but most manufacturers don’t provide details in their product listings.

I’m covering this feature first because it can be a deal maker or breaker depending on your intended application.

Basic Power Passthrough

Basic power passthrough allows the solar generator to charge its battery and supply power to devices at the same time, but with limited efficiency and potential impact on battery health.

In it’s most basic form this feature provides continuous power to devices even when the battery is charging. It’s suitable for low-power devices that don’t require large amounts of energy.

On the down side, charging the battery and powering devices simultaneously may slow down the overall charging process, and it can lead to reduced battery lifespan due to continuous cycling.

Basic Power Passthrough is best for occasional use where uninterrupted power is not critical.

Advanced Power Passthrough with Battery Management System (BMS)

Advanced power passthrough systems incorporate a Battery Management System (BMS) that intelligently manages the distribution of power between charging and device use, ensuring efficiency and protecting battery health.

It optimizes power distribution, ensuring devices receive sufficient power without compromising battery charging speed, and extends battery life by managing charge cycles more effectively. Ideal for high-demand applications where continuous power is essential.

However, it’s more expensive due to the added technology and complexity, and may require more technical knowledge to operate.

Best for applications that need reliable, uninterrupted power for critical devices, such as medical equipment or communication devices during emergencies.

AC and DC Input and Output Ports

Consider the types and number of outlets you need. Some generators offer a mix of AC, DC, and USB outputs to power a wide range of devices. These ports allow the connection of external power sources (AC input from the grid or DC input from solar panels) and provide power to connected devices (AC output).

Maximum Power Point (MPP) Charge Controllers

The MPP charge controller is a crucial component of a solar generator, responsible for optimizing the power output from the solar panels. There are different types of charge controllers, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controllers

PWM controllers are simpler and less expensive, but they are less efficient in maximizing solar panel output. They are affordable, easy to use and suitable for Small-scale or budget-conscious setups where every watt of solar power is not critical.

Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Controllers

MPPT controllers are more advanced and efficient, capable of extracting the maximum possible power from the solar panels. They are up to 30% more efficient than PWM controllers, allow the use of solar panels with higher voltage ratings, and provide better performance in varying light conditions and with larger solar arrays.

Using higher voltage solar arrays in a solar generator or solar power system has several advantages, especially when dealing with long distances between the solar panels and the power storage or conversion equipment. However, there are also important design considerations that must be taken into account to maximize the benefits and ensure the system’s safety and efficiency.

Advantages of Using Higher Voltage Solar Arrays

Reduced Power Losses:

• Lower Current: For a given power output (P = V × I), increasing the voltage reduces the current. Since power loss due to resistance in the wires is proportional to the square of the current (P_loss = I²R), higher voltage systems experience significantly lower power losses in the wiring.
• Longer Cable Runs: This reduction in current allows for longer cable runs between the solar array and the inverter or charge controller without excessive power loss.

Smaller and Cheaper Wiring:

• Thinner Wires: With lower current, thinner wires can be used, reducing the cost and weight of the wiring. This is particularly advantageous in systems where long runs of cable are required.
• Lower Voltage Drop: Higher voltage systems maintain higher efficiency over long distances because they experience less voltage drop across the wire length.

Improved System Efficiency:

• Better Performance of MPPT Controllers: Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) charge controllers operate more efficiently with higher voltage inputs, as they can better optimize the voltage and current from the solar array to maximize power output.
• Higher Overall System Efficiency: By reducing power losses and improving MPPT efficiency, the overall system efficiency is increased, leading to better utilization of the solar energy captured.

Scalability:

• Easier Expansion: Higher voltage systems are more scalable, allowing for easier expansion of the solar array without requiring extensive upgrades to the wiring or other system components.
• Compatibility with Larger Systems: Higher voltage arrays are often more compatible with larger solar installations, making it easier to integrate multiple arrays or expand the system as energy needs grow.

Design Considerations for Higher Voltage Solar Arrays

Inverter and Charge Controller Compatibility:

• Voltage Limits: Ensure that the inverter and MPPT charge controller can handle the higher voltage input. Most MPPT controllers have a maximum voltage input rating, and exceeding this can damage the equipment.
• Current Rating: Even though the current is lower in a higher voltage system, it is essential to ensure that the current does not exceed the ratings of the system components.

Wire Sizing and Selection:

• Proper Wire Gauge: While higher voltage allows for thinner wires, it is still crucial to select the appropriate wire gauge based on the current and the distance of the cable run. Ensure the wire insulation can handle the higher voltage safely.
• Wire Insulation: Higher voltage systems require wires with appropriate insulation ratings to prevent electrical breakdown and potential hazards.

Safety Considerations:

• Circuit Protection: Higher voltage systems require appropriate circuit protection, such as fuses and breakers, rated for the system’s voltage and current to prevent overcurrent and short circuits.
• Grounding: Proper grounding is essential in higher voltage systems to prevent electrical shock and ensure the safety of the system.

Voltage Drop Calculations:

• Account for Voltage Drop: Even in higher voltage systems, it’s important to calculate the potential voltage drop over long cable runs and ensure it remains within acceptable limits. Excessive voltage drop can reduce system efficiency and performance.
• Compensate with Overvoltage: In some designs, the system may compensate for potential voltage drop by slightly over-sizing the voltage, ensuring that even with some drop, the voltage remains within the operational range of the equipment.

System Design for Maximum Efficiency:

• Series vs. Parallel Configurations: Higher voltage systems often use more panels in series to increase the voltage while keeping the current low. However, careful design is required to balance the system and avoid issues with shading, mismatched panels, or failure of individual modules.
• Matching Panels and Equipment: Ensure that the solar panels’ voltage and current outputs are well-matched with the input requirements of the inverter and charge controller to optimize performance.

Temperature Coefficients:

• Temperature Impact on Voltage: Solar panel voltage decreases with rising temperatures. In high voltage systems, it’s important to account for this effect when designing the array, especially in regions with significant temperature fluctuations.
• Cold Weather Considerations: In cold environments, the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of the panels increases, so the system must be designed to handle these higher voltages without exceeding the equipment ratings.

Using higher voltage solar arrays offers numerous advantages, particularly in reducing power losses, enabling longer cable runs, and improving overall system efficiency. However, to fully realize these benefits, careful attention must be paid to system design, including compatibility of components, safety measures, and appropriate wire sizing. By considering these factors, a higher voltage solar array can provide a reliable and efficient solution for both small-scale and large-scale solar power systems.

Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)

A UPS, or Uninterruptible Power Supply, in the context of a portable solar generator, is a feature that ensures continuous power supply to connected devices in the event of a power outage or fluctuation. It seamlessly switches the power source from the grid (or another primary power source) to the solar generator’s battery without any interruption, ensuring that the devices continue to operate smoothly.

Key Features of UPS in a Portable Solar Generator

Seamless Power Transition

The primary function of a UPS is to provide an almost instantaneous transition from grid power to battery power. This is crucial for sensitive electronics like computers, medical devices, or communication equipment that cannot afford any downtime.

Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS)

A critical component in a UPS-equipped solar generator is the Automatic Transfer Switch. The ATS monitors the availability of grid power and automatically switches to the battery when it detects a loss of power or unacceptable fluctuations, ensuring continuous operation.

Battery Backup

The battery within the solar generator serves as the backup power source. The size and capacity of the battery determine how long the connected devices can run during a power outage. The UPS function ensures that the battery is always ready to provide power when needed.

Inverter Integration

The inverter is responsible for converting the battery’s DC (Direct Current) power into AC (Alternating Current) power, which is what most household appliances and electronics use. For a UPS system, the inverter must be capable of rapidly activating to supply power without any noticeable delay.

Priority Powering

The UPS system can be configured to prioritize power sources. For example, it can draw power from the solar panels during the day and switch to the grid or battery as needed, optimizing energy use and ensuring the battery is charged and ready for emergencies.

Surge Protection

UPS systems often include surge protection to guard against sudden spikes in voltage, which can damage connected devices. This is especially important in portable solar generators, which may be used in environments where power quality is variable.

Why is UPS Important in a Portable Solar Generator?

Reliability 

In off-grid situations or during power outages, a UPS ensures that critical devices remain powered without interruption. This is essential for maintaining communication, ensuring safety, or keeping essential systems like refrigeration or medical devices operational.

Protection for Sensitive Electronics 

Many electronics are sensitive to power interruptions, which can cause data loss, hardware damage, or operational failure. A UPS provides a stable power supply that protects these devices from such issues.

Convenience and Peace of Mind 

Knowing that your power supply will continue uninterrupted during an outage provides peace of mind, especially in situations where continuous power is crucial.

Use Cases for UPS in Portable Solar Generators

Emergency Backup Power 

For households or businesses that need to keep essential devices running during grid outages, such as medical equipment, computers, communication devices, or security systems.

Off-Grid Living: 

In remote areas where grid power is unreliable or unavailable, a UPS feature in a solar generator ensures that power interruptions do not affect the operation of critical devices.

Outdoor Events

For events or activities held in locations without reliable grid power, a solar generator with UPS functionality can provide stable power for lighting, audio-visual equipment, and other essential systems.

Rigid Solar Panels

Rigid solar panels, also known as traditional or framed solar panels, are the most common type of photovoltaic (PV) modules used in residential, commercial, and industrial solar power systems. These panels are designed to be durable and efficient, typically encased in an aluminum frame with a tempered glass front. This blog post will explore the key features and technologies that define rigid solar panels, including bifacial designs, bus bars, conversion efficiency, and other advanced innovations.

Key Features of Rigid Solar Panels

Construction and Durability

Framed Structure:

Rigid solar panels are built with a robust aluminum frame that provides structural integrity and protection for the PV cells. The frame also makes installation easier, as it allows the panels to be securely mounted on various surfaces, such as roofs, ground mounts, or tracking systems.

Tempered Glass:

The front of rigid solar panels is typically made from tempered glass, which is strong and resistant to environmental factors like hail, wind, and debris. This glass not only protects the solar cells but also allows maximum sunlight to penetrate with minimal reflection, aiding in energy conversion.

Weather Resistance:

Rigid solar panels are designed to withstand harsh weather conditions, including extreme temperatures, heavy snow, and strong winds. This durability makes them suitable for a wide range of climates and long-term outdoor use.

Solar Cell Technologies

Monocrystalline Cells:

Rigid solar panels often use monocrystalline solar cells, which are known for their high efficiency and sleek appearance. These cells are made from a single crystal structure, allowing electrons to move more freely, resulting in higher energy conversion rates. Monocrystalline panels typically offer efficiencies ranging from 18% to 22%.

Conversion Efficiency

Efficiency Ratings:

Conversion efficiency is a critical metric for solar panels, representing the percentage of sunlight that the panel can convert into usable electricity. Higher efficiency panels can generate more power in a smaller area, making them ideal for spaces with limited roof or ground space. Advances in cell technology, such as passivated emitter rear contact (PERC) cells, have pushed conversion efficiencies higher in recent years.

Temperature Coefficient:

The temperature coefficient is another factor that affects a panel’s efficiency. It measures how much the panel’s performance decreases as temperatures rise. Panels with a lower temperature coefficient lose less efficiency in hot conditions, making them more suitable for warm climates.

Bus Bars and Wiring Technologies

Bus Bars:

Bus bars are thin strips of metal that collect and conduct electricity from the solar cells to the panel’s output terminals. Traditional panels might use three or four bus bars, but modern panels often use five, nine, or even more bus bars. More bus bars reduce the distance that electrons must travel, minimizing resistance and improving overall efficiency.

Multi-Busbar (MBB) Technology:

Multi-busbar technology is a significant innovation in solar panel design. By using more bus bars, the panel reduces the likelihood of micro-cracks and improves the current flow, enhancing the panel’s durability and performance.

Half-Cut Cells:

Half-cut cell technology involves slicing solar cells in half, which reduces the amount of electrical resistance and can improve overall panel efficiency. Panels with half-cut cells typically perform better in partial shading conditions and have lower energy losses.

Bifacial Solar Panels

Bifacial Design:

Bifacial solar panels are a type of rigid panel that can capture sunlight on both sides, the front and the back. This design allows them to generate more electricity compared to traditional monofacial panels, especially in environments where light is reflected off the ground or other surfaces. Bifacial panels are often used in ground-mounted systems with reflective surfaces underneath, such as white gravel or snow.

Increased Energy Yield:

Bifacial panels can increase energy yield by 10% to 30%, depending on the installation environment and the reflectivity of the surface beneath them. This makes them particularly effective in locations with high albedo (reflective) surfaces.

Durability Considerations:

Since bifacial panels have glass on both sides, they tend to be more durable and resistant to environmental degradation. However, they may also be heavier and require more robust mounting systems.

Anti-Reflective Coatings and Texturing

Anti-Reflective Coating:

To maximize light absorption, many rigid solar panels are coated with an anti-reflective layer that reduces the amount of sunlight reflected off the surface. This coating improves the panel’s efficiency by allowing more light to penetrate the solar cells.

Surface Texturing:

Some panels incorporate surface texturing techniques to trap more light within the cell, reducing the loss of sunlight and boosting conversion efficiency. Textured surfaces can also enhance the effectiveness of the anti-reflective coating.

Installation and Design Considerations

Tilt and Orientation:

The installation angle and orientation of rigid solar panels significantly impact their energy production. In the Northern Hemisphere, panels are typically oriented south and tilted at an angle equal to the latitude of the location to maximize exposure to sunlight throughout the year.

Shading and Obstructions:

Shading from trees, buildings, or other obstructions can significantly reduce the efficiency of solar panels. Rigid panels should be installed in areas with minimal shading to ensure optimal performance. Panels with technologies like bypass diodes or half-cut cells can mitigate some shading losses.

Mounting Systems:

Rigid solar panels can be mounted on various structures, including roofs, ground mounts, or tracking systems that follow the sun’s path to maximize energy capture. The choice of mounting system depends on the site conditions, available space, and budget.

Maintenance:

Rigid solar panels require minimal maintenance, primarily involving periodic cleaning to remove dirt, dust, and debris that can reduce efficiency. They should also be inspected for damage, especially after severe weather events.

When and How to Add a Fuse to Solar Panel Outputs

Adding a fuse to your solar panel system is a crucial safety measure that protects the system and its components from electrical faults, such as short circuits or overcurrent situations. In this guide, we’ll discuss when you should add a fuse to your solar panel outputs, and how to determine the correct amperage for the fuse.

When to Add a Fuse to Solar Panel Outputs

Multiple Solar Panels in Parallel:

Fuse Placement: If you have multiple solar panels connected in parallel, fuses should be installed on each panel’s positive output before they converge into a single conductor. This protects the system from potential overcurrent in case one of the panels develops a short circuit or other fault.

Reason: In a parallel configuration, the voltage remains constant, but the current (amperage) increases. A fault in one panel could cause the other panels to push too much current through the faulty panel, potentially causing damage or a fire hazard.

Proximity to Battery Banks or Inverters:

Fuse Placement: When solar panels are wired directly to a battery bank or inverter, placing a fuse close to the battery or inverter’s positive terminal is recommended.

Reason: This protects the inverter or battery from excessive current that could occur due to a fault in the wiring or solar panel. It also helps to protect the wiring between the components from overheating.

High-Capacity Systems:

Fuse Placement: For larger solar installations with higher current ratings, fuses or circuit breakers are essential at various points in the system, including between the charge controller and the battery bank, and between the inverter and the battery bank.

Reason: As the system’s capacity increases, so does the potential risk of overcurrent. Fuses prevent excessive current from damaging the system’s components.

Regulatory and Safety Compliance:

Fuse Placement: Many local electrical codes and safety standards require the use of fuses in solar installations, particularly in systems exceeding specific voltage or current thresholds.

Reason: Compliance with these standards ensures the system’s safety and reliability, reducing the risk of electrical fires and component damage.

How to Determine the Correct Fuse Amperage

Selecting the correct fuse amperage is essential to ensure that the fuse protects the system without causing unnecessary interruptions in operation. Here’s how you can determine the appropriate fuse size:

Calculate the Maximum Current (I_max): (Most solar panel manufacturers list short circuit and operating current on the back of the panels.)

Formula: Imax=PVImax​=VP​

Explanation:  You can determine the maximum current that the solar panel or array can produce by dividing the panel’s maximum power (P, in watts) by its maximum voltage (V, in volts).

Example: For a 200W panel with a maximum voltage of 18V, the maximum current would be Imax=200W18V≈11.1AImax​=18V200W​≈11.1A.

Apply a Safety Factor:

Safety Factor: Solar systems typically use a safety factor of 1.25 to account for variations in sunlight and temperature, which can temporarily increase the current.

Formula: Ifuse=Imax×1.25Ifuse​=Imax​×1.25

Example: For the panel mentioned above, the fuse size should be 11.1A×1.25=13.875A11.1A×1.25=13.875A. In this case, you would choose a 15A fuse.

Check the Wire Gauge Rating:

Ensure Compatibility: The fuse amperage should be less than or equal to the current-carrying capacity of the wire (ampacity) used in the system. For instance, if you’re using a wire with an ampacity of 20A, you should choose a fuse that is 20A or lower.

Consider the Type of Fuse:

Standard vs. Slow-Blow Fuses: Standard fuses blow quickly when the current exceeds the rated value, while slow-blow fuses can tolerate temporary current spikes without blowing. In solar systems, slow-blow fuses are often preferred to avoid nuisance trips during brief overcurrent events.

Fuse Location and Voltage Rating:

Voltage Rating: Ensure that the fuse’s voltage rating matches or exceeds the maximum system voltage. For example, if your system operates at 48V, the fuse should be rated for at least 48V or higher.

Location: Install the fuse as close to the power source (e.g., solar panel, battery) as possible to minimize the length of unprotected wiring.

Advanced Cell Technologies

PERC (Passivated Emitter Rear Contact) Cells:

PERC technology adds an additional layer to the back of the solar cell, which reflects some of the sunlight back into the cell for a second chance at energy conversion. This boosts the overall efficiency of the panel and is becoming increasingly common in modern rigid solar panels.

Heterojunction Cells (HJT):

Heterojunction technology combines the benefits of crystalline silicon cells with thin-film technology, resulting in higher efficiency and better performance in low-light conditions. HJT cells also have a lower temperature coefficient, making them more efficient in hot climates.

TopCon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact):

TopCon is an advanced cell technology that improves efficiency by reducing electron recombination losses. This technology involves creating a thin tunnel oxide layer that enhances the flow of electrons, increasing the overall power output of the panel.

BougeRV

100 Watt N-Type 16BB Bifacial

• $87.99 at time of posting: 88 cents per watt
• N-TYPE solar cells. Compared to P-TYPE solar cells, N-TYPE solar cells add an advanced Industrial Tunnel Oxide Passivated connected to the back of ordinary solar cells
• 16 bus bars, bifacial
• 25% conversion efficiency
• -.32%/℃ temperature coefficient
• IP68 junction box and MC4 connectors
• Aluminum frame
• Voc 27.3 volts, Vop 23.8 volts, Short circuit current 4.4 amps, Current 4.2 amps

200 Watt N-Type 16BB Bifacial

• 183.99 at time of posting: 92 cents per watt
• 16 bus bars, bifacial, N-type
• 25% conversion efficiency
• -.32%/℃ temperature coefficient
• IP68 junction box and MC4 connectors
• Aluminum frame
• Voc 28 volts, Vop 24.4 volts, Short circuit current 8.6 amps, Current 8.2 amps

JJN

100 Watt 9BB Half Cut Cells (2 pack)

• $129.99 – $19 = $110 at time of posting: 55 cents per watt
• Half-cut cell technology can reduce power loss, lower solar panel temperature and reduce the impact of shading on performance
• 9 bus bars, Grade A+ cells, bypass diodes
• Aluminum frame
• 22% conversion rate
• IP65 junction box and IP67 MC4 connectors
• Voc 24.3 volts, Vop 20.4 volts, Short circuit current 5.21 amps, Operating current 4.91 amps

400 Watt Bifacial 10BB (2 pack)

• $699 – $40 = $659 at time of posting: $1.21 per watt
• 10 bus bars
• PERC, half cut cell
• Aluminum frame
• 22.3% conversion rate
• IP65 junction box and IP67 MC4 connectors
• Voc 37 volts, Vop 31.05 volts, Short circuit current 13.78 amps, Operating current 12.89 amps

Renogy

100 Watt PERC (2 pack)

• 175.99 at time of posting: 88 cents per watt
• Grade A+ cells
• 9 bus bars, half cut cells
• 22% conversion efficiency
• IP65 box and IP67 MC4 connectors
• Aluminum frame with 20 pre-drilled holes on the back for quick mounting
• Voc 24.3 volts, Vop 20.4 volts, Short circuit current 5.21 amps, Operating current 4.91 amps

250 Watt N-Type 16BB 250W Bifacial

• $299 at time of posting: $1.20 per watt
• 16 bus bars
• Grade A+ cells
• 25% conversion efficiency
• N-Type Bifacial Solar Panels boast an impressive 80% bifaciality factor, which is 10% higher than p-type PERC Panels.
• Features a low temperature coefficient of -0.29%/℃, minimizing power loss in high-temperature conditions for superior product performance
• IP68 protection
• Aluminum frame
• Voc 22.35 volts, Vop 19.52 volts, Short circuit current 13.49 amps, Operating current 12.81 amps

Established and Up-and-Coming Portable Solar Generator Products

Choosing the Right Portable Solar Generator

When selecting a portable solar generator, consider the following factors based on your needs:

Battery Capacity

Larger batteries are ideal for home backup or extended off-grid stays, while smaller batteries are more suited for short trips and portable use.

Inverter Capacity

High-wattage inverters are necessary for running large appliances, while smaller inverters suffice for charging electronics and powering small devices.

Portability

Lightweight and compact designs are better for outdoor activities, while heavier models with wheels are more practical for home use or longer trips.

Solar Input

Consider the solar panel compatibility and maximum solar input to ensure the generator can be recharged quickly via solar power, especially for off-grid applications.

Durability and Build Quality

Choose generators with durable construction and high-quality components if you plan to use them in rugged or outdoor environments.

Smart Features

Remote monitoring, app integration, pass-through features, UPS, MPPT and fast charging capabilities can add convenience and improve the overall user experience.

Note: I may receive a small affiliate contribution if you use the included links and make a purchase. Time will tell if these amount to anything meaningful, but every little bit helps offset the cost of my web site 🙂

Anker

Anker, a well-known brand in the electronics and power solutions industry, has expanded its portfolio into the solar generator market, bringing its expertise in battery technology and consumer electronics to this rapidly growing field. Anker’s solar generators are designed to provide reliable, portable power for a variety of applications, including outdoor adventures, emergency backup, and off-grid living. 

Anker Models

Anker C1000

• 1056 Watt Hours expandable to 2100 Watt Hours, LiFePO4
• Generates 1800 Watts AC, 2400W peak
• AC efficiency of 86% (about 910 Watt Hours actually available)
• AC charge in about an hour, Solar charge (600W) in 1.8 hours
• AC priority charging (ignores solar panels if plugged in)
• Solar input is 60V max, which can limit solar panel options
• Loud fans at full load
• UPS (about 20 ms), WiFi App

Anker SOLIX F2000

• 2048 Watt Hours expandable to 4096 WH, LiFePO4
• Generates 2400 Watts AC, 3600 W peak
• UPS (less than 20 ms)
• Anker App, Bluetooth only
• AC input is prioritized over solar
• 4x 120V 20A, NEMA TT-30, 2X USB-A, 3x USB-C
• Solar Input: 1000 W max, 11-60V
• 67 pounds

Anker F2600

• 2560 Watt Hours, expandable to 4608 Watt Hours with the BP2600 Expansion Battery, LiFePO4, 3000 cycles
• Generates 2400 Watts AC, 3600 W peak
• Solar charge 0-80% in 2 hours, AC input 1 hour 40 minutes
• UPS (less than 20 ms)
• 4x 120V 20A, NEMA TT-30, 2x USB-A, 3x USB-C
• Solar Input: 1000 W max, 11-60V
• Anker App, WiFi and Bluetooth
• 70 pounds

Anker SOLIX F3800

• 3840 Watt Hours, expandable to 26.9 kWh with BP3800 battery packs. LiFePO4
• Generates 6000 Watts AC, 120V or 240V in one unit. You can put 2 units in parallel for 12000 Watts
• AC capacity 86% (good)
• When the AC input is active, the NEMA connectors are disconnected (no power out). AC charging priority.
• Solar Inputs: 1200W*2 MPPT1&2: between 11-15V, 10A max; 16V-60V, 27A Max (60 volts limits how many panels can be in series)
• Solar charge in 1.5 hours with 2400W solar input
• UPS (<20 ms) for 3 120V ports marked UPS only
• 6x 120VAC 20 Amps, NEMA 14-50, NEMAL14-30 (120V/240V 25 amps), 2x USB-A, 3x USB-C
• App, WiFi, Bluetooth, Time of Use mode
• Due to the large size of the inverter, this generator consumes quite a bit of power if the AC circuits are turned on, even with no load
• 132 pounds

Bluetti

Bluetti has carved out a strong position in the portable solar generator market by focusing on high-capacity, durable, and versatile products that cater to a wide range of power needs. Their use of advanced battery technology, powerful inverters, and expandable designs makes their generators compelling choices for anyone needing reliable, long-lasting power, whether for home backup, off-grid living, or outdoor activities.

The combination of innovative features, robust performance, and user-friendly design has made Bluetti a favored brand among those seeking dependable portable power solutions.

Bluetti Models

Click on the title to see the full listing on Amazon.com.

Bluetti AC50B

• 448 Watt Hours capacity
• LiFePO4 batteries, 3500 cycles
• Pass-through charging
• UPS switch time under 20 ms
• AC input 0-80% charge in 45 minutes, 200 W solar charge in 3 hours
• 6 outlets including 2×700W AC outlets, 1×15W USB-A port, 2×65W USB-C ports and 1×12V/10A car port
• Solar Input: 200 Watts max
• 15 pounds

Bluetti AC180T

• 2 battery slots allow for hot-swapping B70 batteries
• 1432 Watt Hours with two B70 batteries. LiFePO4, 3500 cycles
• Power lifting mode of 2700 Watts for resistive loads
• AC input 0-80% in 1 hour (2 batteries), solar charging in 4 hours
• UPS, less than 20 ms switch time
• 4 15A AC outputs, USB A and USB C
• Solar input: 12V – 60V, 500 Watts max
• 58 pounds

Bluetti AC240*

• 1536 Watt Hours, LiFePO4 batteries, 3500 cycles
• Generates 2400 Watts, expandable to 10,136 Watts with B210 expansion batteries
• IP65 Water and Dust resistant
• AC input 0-80% charge in 45 minutes
• Solar Input: 11-60 Volts, 21 amps, 1200 watts max
• UPS switches in less than 15 ms
• 2 – 20A AC outputs, NEMA TT-30 port, USB A, USB C, 12 VDC 30 amp RV port
• 72 pounds

The Bluetti AC240 is a Recommended generator (Excellent).

Bluetti AC180*

• 1152 Watt Hours, LiFePO4 batteries, 3500 cycles
• Generates 1800 watts, surges to 2700 watts
• 4 15A AC outputs, USB-C, 4 USB-A, Wireless charging pad
• Solar Input: 12-60 volts, 10 amps, 500 Watt max
• AC charge in 1.3 – 1.8 hours, solar charge in 2.8 – 3.3 hours
• UPS (about 10 ms)
• Pass-through charging
• 35 pounds

The Bluetti AC180 is a Recommended generator (Excellent).

Bluetti AC200L*

• 2048 Watt Hours, LiFePO4 batteries
• Generates 2400 Watts AC, power lift to 3600 Watts
• Expandable Up To 4,096Wh with 1×B230, or 8,192Wh with 2×B300 (6,348Wh with 2×B210)
• AC input 0-80% charge in 45 minutes, solar charge in 2.5 hours
• Solar priority during dual charging
• Solar Input: 12-145 VDC, 15 amps, 1200 watts max
• 4 20A AC outlets, 1-120V/30A NEMA TT-30, 2-USB C, 2-USB A, 1 48V 8A RV outlet
• UPS (about 15 ms), WiFi / Bluetooth App, Pass-through charging
• 62 pounds

The Bluetti AC200L is a Recommended generator (Good), however, to use the 40V/8A output you need to purchase a D40 adapter, listing at $200. In general, the DC outputs are a weak spot for this unit, but otherwise an impressive unit.

EcoFlow

ECOFLOW DELTA Pro 3

• 4000 Watt Hours expandable to 48kWh, LiFePO4
• Generates 4000 Watts AC, 6000 W peak, includes 240 split phase
• UPS (10 ms, except 240 AC out), WiFi App
• IP65 rated
• Supports 120V and 240V fast charging, Dual PV charging, EV Charging Piles
• Solar Inputs: 1x XT60 30-150 volts, 15 amps (1600 Watts), 1x XT60i 11-60 volts, 20 amps (1000 Watts)
• AC capacity 93% (excellent)
• Pass through charging, dual charging, (solar priority? TBD)
• AC inverter turned on with no load uses about 22 percent of battery capacity in 24 hours
• Much quieter than the previous Delta Pro
• 113 pounds

The EcoFlow Delta Pro 3 is Recommended (Excellent)

Delta Pro Ultra

• 6000 Watt Hours, expandable to 90 kWh, LiFePO4
• Generates 7200 Watts AC, includes 240V split phase
• UPS (20 ms backup)
• Solar Inputs: 1x 30-150V, 15A (1600 watts), 1x 80-450V, 15A (4000 watts)
• AC capacity around 90% (very good)
• AC inverter turned on with no load uses about 14 percent of battery capacity in 24 hours (excellent)
• 181 pounds, 27.2″ x 18.9″ x 20.6″

The EcoFlow Delta Ultra is Recommended (Excellent)

Jackery

In the rapidly expanding market of portable solar generators, Jackery has established itself as a leader with a reputation for reliable, user-friendly, and well-engineered products. Whether you’re preparing for emergencies, planning a road trip, or living off-grid, Jackery offers a range of solar generators designed to meet various power needs.

Worth noting is the solar connectors that the Jackery systems use: DC8020 and DC7909 8mm inputs, which are only found on Jackery branded solar panels. In addition, Jackery warns that using 3rd party solar panels can void their warranty. So if you’re looking to assemble a system that uses rigid solar panels or panels from other manufacturers, understand the risks.

Jackery has also been late in the game with LiFePO4 batteries and with the ability to add expansion batteries.

My guess is that Jackery, as their product names suggest (Explorer series) focused more on light weight, ease of solar panel connection and portability. Lithium Ion batteries are significantly lighter than the LiFePO4 counterparts, and the DC2020 connector is easier to use than the standard MC4 solar connector.

Jackery Models

Jackery Explorer 2000 Plus*

• 2043 Watt Hours, LiFePO4 batteries, expandable up to 24 kWh using expansion batteries.
• Generates 3000 Watts AC, Configurable for 240 VAC output
• AC capacity result of 87% (good)
• AC Output(×4) 20A, AC Output(×1) 25A Max, USB-A Output(x2), USB-C Output(x2)
• Inverter, with no load and AC outputs turned on, uses about 27% of battery capacity per day (good)
• 2 generators can be connected together via a special cable to provide split phase 240V
• UPS (about 15 ms), solar priority charging, bypass mode
• Solar Input: 2x 700W, 17.5V – 60V, 12A max (Note, these two DC inputs have specific balanced voltage requirements geared toward the SolarSaga panels)
• AC input 0-80% charge in 2 hours, solar charging in 2 hours with 6 SolarSaga 200 W panels

*The Jackery Explorer 2000 Plus is Not Recommended. Given its size and weight, it’s more of a home backup solution than a true portable generator. With that in mind, the MPPT limitations severely limit or prevent you from implementing a practical solar panel configuration.

Pecron

Pecron is a growing brand in the portable solar generator market, known for offering reliable and feature-rich products at very competitive prices. Their generators are designed to provide power solutions for a wide range of applications, including emergency backup, off-grid living, outdoor activities, and more. Pecron’s emphasis on high-capacity batteries, versatile input/output options, and user-friendly features makes their products stand out.

Pecron Models

Pecron E600LFP

• 614 Watt Hours, LiFePO4 batteries, 3500 cycles
• Generates 1200 W AC power with surge to 2400 Watts
• Solar Input: 12-18 volts, 7 amp, 100 watts max and 32-95 volts, 15 amp, 300 watt max
• MPPT controller
• AC input: 2 – 3 hour charge from 0 – 80%, solar power 2 – 4 hours
• 3×1200 AC outlets, 2xUSB-C Port(18W/100W), 2xUSB-A, 12V Cigar port and Wireless Charger
• 20 pounds

Pecron E1500LFP*

• 1536 Watt Hours, LiFePO4 batteries, 3500 cycles
• Expandable to 7680 watts with EP3000-48 batteries
• Generates 2200 Watts AC power, surge to 4400 W, 2200W Bidirectional PSW Inverter
• UPS, WiFi App
• 3x2200W AC outlets, 6xUSB ports up to PD 100W, 1xCigar port, 1xDC port, 1xXT60(12V/30A), and 1x15W wireless charger
• AC Input: 1.8 hour charging from 0 to 80%, solar charge in 4 hours
• Solar Input: 12V – 18V, 7A, 100 Watt max and 32V – 95V, 15 A 700 Watt max
• 40 pounds

*The Pecron E1500LFP is a Recommended generator (Excellent).

Pecron E2000LFP

• 1920 Watt Hours, LiFePO4 batteries, 3500 cycles
• Generates 2000 Watts with surge to 4000 Watts
• Expandable to 8064 Watts with EB3000 batteries
• 4x2000W AC outlets, 1×30 AMP outlets, 6x USB ports up to PD 100W, 1x Cigar port, 2x DC ports, and 1x 15W wireless charger
• AC input charge in 1 -2 hours, solar in 2 – 3 hours
• Solar Input: 12V – 18V, 7A, 100 Watts max and 2 x 32V – 95V, 15 Amp, 600 Watt max
• 49 pounds
• Note: This unit has a separate (large) AC charging block, so no UPS. Newer Pecron generators have integrated the AC into the unit. Also, no App.

The E2000LFP is NOT RECOMMENDED because of the large AC power brick (can be noisy while charging), and there are reports of a burnt insulation smell coming from the brick during charging.

Pecron E3600LFP (Low Cost per Watt Hour!)*

• 3072 Watt Hours, LiFePO4 batteries, 3500 cycles
• Generates 3600 Watts, surge to 7000 Watts
• AC capacity at 89 – 91% (very good)
• Expandable to 15,360 Watt Hours using P3000-48 batteries
• UPS (about 15 ms), WiFi App, Bluetooth
• AC Input charge in 1.5 – 2 hours, solar charge in as little as 1.5 hours
• 4*AC Output, 1*TT30-R, 4*USB-A, 2*100W USB-C, 1*XT60-F Output, 1*Cigar Port, 1*DC5525 Output, 2*Wireless Charger
• Solar Input: 12V – 30V, 7A, 100 Watt max and 2x 32V – 150V, 20A, 1200 Watt max (great support for series solar panels)
• Supports dual charging (AC and solar at the same time – solar priority)
• Supports 240V split phase output with 2 units connected with the Pecron Hub connector
• If AC outputs turned on, even with no load, generator uses about 28% capacity per day. Good for an inverter of this size.
• Expansion batteries have their own outputs and can be used independently
• 79 pounds

*The Pecron E13600LFP is a Recommended generator (Excellent).

12 Volt Refrigerators (coming soon)

Keep a thermometer in the unit to track temperature.

Chest Style

• Zokop 60L (52 pounds)
• Outsunny (Alpicool BD60) 60L (46 pounds)
• Iceco VL45 45L (48 pounds), draws 8-9 watts
• Engel
• Bodega TWW45 45L

Plastic Built

A Home Installation Example (under construction)

Complete roof-top solar solutions are pricey, and really need a battery to make them useful.

Let’s look at a smaller system that can power a few critical circuits or appliances during a power outage.

In addition, this portable solar generator solution can power some appliances during peak rate hours to shave a bit off the monthly bills.